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1991-09-19
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TECHNICAL INFORMATION BULLETIN
TIB Number 910805.1
05 August 1991
TITLE
Hard Disk Device Driver Problems with Rewritable Optical
PURPOSE
Describes the problems in using a standard SCSI hard disk device
driver or SCSI adapter ROM BIOS to communicate with Rewritable
Optical drives.
PROBLEMS AND QUESTIONS
If you have any questions regarding any Technical Information
Bulletin, contact the following:
Micro Design International, Inc.
6985 University Boulevard
Winter Park, FL 32792
Attention: Technical Support
Phone: 407-677-8333
Fax: 407-677-0221
When using Rewritable Optical it is very important that you are using
a device driver specifically written to support Rewritable Optical. There
are many problems in using a standard SCSI hard disk device driver or a SCSI
Adapter ROM BIOS to access Rewritable Optical.
CURRENT PROBLEMS
In response to a SCSI INQUIRY command, most Rewritable Optical drives
identify themselves as direct-access storage devices (e.g., magnetic disk).
Therefore, you may think that a standard SCSI hard disk driver or a SCSI
adapter ROM BIOS can support Rewritable Optical. If you try, it may even
"appear" to work fine, but the following problems exist in using a standard
SCSI hard disk driver or SCSI adapter ROM BIOS to communicate with a
Rewritable Optical drive:
* Proper drive initialization.
* Support of 1024 byte sector media.
* Support of changing media.
* ISO Standard media formatting.
Some Rewritable Optical drives require the driver to send certain
initialization commands to the drive on power up or after a bus reset. For
example, an important error recovery procedure for the SONY Rewritable Optical
drive is automatic write reallocation (AWR) of defective sectors. When the
SONY drive detects a medium error during a write, erase, or verify operation
of a write command, the sector is automatically reallocated and the data
written to a spare sector. This reallocation process is completely
transparent to the operating system. It must be enabled through a MODE SELECT
command to the drive at power up or after a bus reset. A generic SCSI hard
disk driver or SCSI adapter ROM BIOS would not perform this initialization
and would receive medium errors back from the drive. This is the biggest
danger in using a generic SCSI hard disk driver or SCSI adapter ROM BIOS to
communicate with a Rewritable Optical drive.
Another problem with using a hard disk driver is support for 1024 byte
sector media. Rewritable Optical media currently is available in two physical
sector sizes, 512 byte and 1024 byte sector media. Since most hard disk
drives use 512 byte sectors, most hard disk drivers are limited to supporting
only 512 byte sector media. The 1024 byte sector media has the advantage of
greater capacity, and requires special driver considerations to support it.
One of the important advantages of Rewritable Optical is removable
media since it offers unlimited capacity by changing cartridges. This
feature of removability can cause problems with existing hard disk drivers
and adapter ROM BIOSs since they are written for fixed media SCSI hard disks.
Most hard disk drivers do not expect the media to change or even become not
ready. Even though handling of removable media is also dependent on which
operating system you are using, a Rewritable Optical driver will support it.
To support different defect management schemes, some Rewritable
Optical drives require a mode specification when formatting the media. Only
one of the format modes is compatible with the ISO standard defect management
scheme. Even if your operating system supports formatting SCSI hard drives,
it will not have the necessary code to select the ISO compatible format mode.
This mode requires a format utility specifically written for Rewritable
Optical.
FUTURE PROBLEMS
There are new Rewritable Optical drives on the market that supports
both Rewritable Optical media and WORM media. These new drives are called
Multifunction Optical drives. For approximately the same price of a
Rewritable Optical you can get a Multifunction Optical which has the
advantages of both Rewritable Optical and WORM in a single drive. A standard
SCSI hard disk device driver or SCSI Adapter ROM BIOS will not be able to
support the full functionality of this drive. This type of drive needs a
device driver specifically written to support Multifunction Optical which
supports both types of media, Rewritable and WORM.
SUMMARY
A driver specifically written for Rewritable Optical solves the most
common problems you encounter when using a SCSI hard disk driver or SCSI
adapter ROM BIOS to support Rewritable Optical. Besides solving these
problems, a Rewritable Optical driver can offer many additional features to
increase performance and expand flexibility.